The Arctic Warbler - On-Line EditionNews from the Alaska Bird Observatory©2001 Alaska Bird Observatory, Inc. Spring 2001 Table of ContentsTiming of Breeding Range Occupancy - Creating Ripples... - Assets for ABO - Executive Director's Report - A New Habitat for ABO - Volunteer Profile - Luke DeCicco - Volunteer Tidbits - Counting Owls - Spring and Summer Training 2001 - Board Staff News and Notes - Fund Raising News - ABO Wishlist - Donor News - Spring Migration Open House - Attention Teachers - Classifieds |
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Among Alaska's Passerine Migrants by Anna-Marie Benson, Senior Biologist With excerpts from: Benson, A.M. and K. Winker. 2001. Timing of breeding range occupancy among high-latitude passerine migrants. Auk 118(2): in press. Like most people, I associate bird migrations with changing seasons: I marvel at the incredible influx of life in the spring when more than 200 species migrate to Alaska, and I think of the imminent approach of winter as these species depart during autumn. Some birds migrate thousands of miles each year to Alaska because the region affords a hospitable climate, an extended photoperiod, and a nutrient rich environment (world-class insects and berries). But summer at high latitudes is brief. Birds that migrate to Alaska are therefore under greater temporal pressure to complete breeding season activities (such as, territory and mate acquisition, nest building, egg laying, incubation, care of young, and molt) than birds at lower latitudes. Our analyses examined the timing of spring and autumn migration among 18 passerine species to obtain indirect estimates of the time they occupy their breeding ranges in northwestern North America. Additionally, we explore the following questions: (1) Do adults differ from immatures in the timing of autumn migration? (2) Do Nearctic-Neotropic ("long-distance") migrants differ from Nearctic-Nearctic ("short-distance") migrants in the timing of breeding range occupancy? From 1992 to 1998, the Alaska Bird Observatory (64°50 N, 147°50 W) banded 31,698 individual birds during the most intensive standardized mist-netting study ever conducted in subarctic North America. Adults departed significantly later in autumn than immatures in 10 of 18 species we examined and significantly earlier than immatures in only one species, the Alder Flycatcher. The later departure dates of adults in many species may be explained by the timing of molt in adults, which, unlike immatures, replace their flight feathers in autumn. The lack of molt in adult Alder Flycatchers prior to autumn migration likely accounts for the earlier departure of adults. Among the migrants examined, the estimated number of days that species were present in interior Alaska ranged from 48 days for adult Alder Flycatchers to 129 days for American Robins (Fig. 1). The 48-day difference between median spring and autumn passage dates of Alder Flycatchers in interior Alaska suggests that this species spends just 13% of its annual cycle on these northern breeding grounds. This is the shortest period of breeding range occupancy yet documented for a population or species of migratory passerine. Based on a 95-year National Weather Service record, the latest date on which freezing temperatures have occurred in spring in Fairbanks, Alaska was 13 June (1922), and the earliest date of freezing temperatures in autumn was 3 August (1944). At the extreme, therefore, this region has the possibility of only 51 consecutive days of temperatures greater than 0°C. In this region, Alder Flycatchers arrive near the record last date of frost in spring and leave before the record first date of frost in autumn. This is probably not a coincidence. It is well known that flying insect availability is negatively affected by frosts, and this would seem to provide strong selection against Alder Flycatchers occupation of their breeding grounds during times of potential frost. Other insectivorous birds probably forage on a more diverse prey base when flying insects are not available and are therefore able towithstand early and late frosts in extreme years. Breeding range occupancy of Nearctic-Neotropic migrants is significantly shorter in duration than among Nearctic-Nearctic migrants at this latitude. Nearctic-Nearctic migrants averaged 119.8 days between spring and autumn median dates of passage, and Nearctic-Neotropic migrants averaged 90.6 days. All but one Nearctic-Neotropic species, the Yellow-rumped Warbler, appeared to time their arrivals and departures to occur within the long-term average of 105 days of frost-free temperatures in Fairbanks, Alaska (Fig. 1). Nearctic-Neotropic migrants rely primarily on insects for food, and are likely to be present as this resource waxes, becomes abundant, and then wanes. Conversely, most of the Nearctic-Nearctic species we studied rely on a seed- or fruit-dominant diet in winter, accounting for their ability to be present during periods of frost and indeed frozen conditions. Further, Nearctic-Nearctic migrants may be better adapted to adverse climatic conditions, which they may also experience on wintering areas. In northwestern North America, the Nearctic-Neotropic migrants we studied time their breeding range occupancy to occur within the summer frost-free period and complete their annual reproductive cycle in a brief temporal window. by Nancy DeWitt As I write this, spring and its wondrous infusion of migratory birds into interior Alaska are just around the corner. This is the time when most Alaskans breathe a collective sigh of relief at having survived another long winter in the far north. Despite the fact that winter here typically presents long stretches of extremely rude temperatures, often hovering at -30°F and colder, the trade-offs are worth the extra time it takes to layer on warm clothes each morning. I relish that I can take a noontime stroll or ski at a refuge within our city limits and not encounter a single other person. I watch in wonder at the chickadees that work our feeders, amazed at their ability to survive the extreme cold and limited daylight hours for foraging. I laugh at how our eyelashes become heavy with frost when trying to peer through binoculars during an "average," subzero Christmas Bird Count. I delight in those winters where the chatter of redpolls and crossbills can be heard almost daily, and I can park at the same spot just after sunset and watch hundreds of ravens fly, roll, and cavort overhead on their way to their nighttime roost. The treat of seeing an oddity like a Eurasian Bullfinch at a local feeder or watching a Gyrfalcon go screaming overhead is just icing on the winter cake. |
Creating Ripples... by Ted Swem, Board President I have the good fortune to know a man named C. Stuart Houston. Seventy-three years old, he is a retired Professor from the School of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, where he taught, conducted research, and is well published in the field of radiology. He is also an accomplished historian, having published numerous articles and books on the history of western Canada. Additionally, Stuart is an ornithologist, a field in which he has somehow found the time to publish a few hundred more articles. And Stuart is a bird bander. His banding permit number is 00460, which means that only 459 people or organizations were licensed to band birds before him in all of North America (by comparison, ABOs permit is number 22,759). Only two permits still in use predate his, those issued to Ducks Unlimited, and a Reverend in Quebec. Stuart has been banding for 58 years, and he and his wife Mary have banded 120,000 birds of 204 species, including over 10,000 raptors. These numbers are particularly impressive when you consider that a large percentage were banded as nestlings, which affects the information that can be gleaned, and which is very labor intensive. Each year Stuart and Mary band a thousand nestling Tree Swallows and Mountain Bluebirds; they have banded over 5,000 nestling Great Horned Owls and thousands of nestling Swainsons Hawks, Ferruginous Hawks, and Ospreys. Aside from his many other accomplishments, Stuart has banded a lot of birds and that has taken a lot of work. I attended a talk a number of years ago that Stuart presented at an annual conference of the Raptor Research Foundation. Other speakers talked about the results of their research, using slides with graphs and charts to explain their more interesting findings. In contrast, Stuarts talk, which I found more captivating, was about the people who have helped him in his banding efforts through the years. Like many other speakers, he used pie charts, not to illustrate biological data as the others did, but to categorize the types of people who have helped him in the field, and to analyze the career paths those people followed later in life. He has worked with birds with over 100 people from all over North America, mostly high school students who spent several years assisting Stuart during summers, weekends and holidays, climbing trees, recording data, etc., before eventually moving on to other things. But before they moved on, most developed, or furthered, a love for birds and a sense of responsibility as stewards of this planet. This was made clear by his analysis of who these people have become. Characteristically modest, Stuart observed that "most have surpassed their teacher. Which is good; that is what teachers are supposed to do." One is Minister of Science on Canadas federal cabinet; one is Minister for the Environment for Saskatchewan; some are university professors; many are professional biologists, working for government agencies or as consultants. One, a former medical doctor, entered politics to ensure that science is represented in the upper levels of government. Stuart says: "When you drop a pebble in a pond, it creates ripples, and they spread far and wide." In recent years, a number of people have volunteered or interned at ABO, assisting in ABOs research efforts. They are too many to individually profile, or even name, so I will briefly mention two. In 1995, a 14-year old named Nathan Adams began working at the banding station. While others his age pursued different interests, Nathan reported to Creamers Field excruciatingly early on countless days to open nets, extract birds, measure and record data. As Nathans interest in birds developed, he gained focus that many of us lack at that age. It became clear to him that he would go to college, and what he would study. He is now is in his third year at UAF studying biology, and this past summer he worked for the Fish and Wildlife Service at Barrow assisting in research on Stellers Eiders. Obviously, its too early to predict where his life will lead. But the hook is set; wherever he goes, and whatever he does, it is now certain that he will take with him a love of birds, which he will share with others. His life will be richer for it, and both birds and people will benefit because he now understands what is at stake as we set humanitys course into the future. Another recent volunteer at ABO is Joel Martin, an 11 year-old. Joel has varied interests, including skiing, computers, and playing the violin. Although Ive known Joel for several years, because his father is a friend and coworker, I have never seen him as excited about anything as he was this past year after assisting at the banding station. He strongly encouraged me to volunteer myself (I wish I had more time to do exactly that), promising me we would catch "tons of butterbutts," chickadees and maybe even a Blackpoll Warbler! Joel is young, and he will experiment with many interests before he finds which ones are right for him. But as Nathan can attest, working with birds can be addictive. For some, the more you work with birds, the harder it gets to do anything else. The folks that assist with research at ABO are a diverse group. Some are young, like Nathan and Joel, and might pursue careers in biology or related fields. Some are housewives and mothers; some already are well along in their careers; others are retired. Regardless, each is impacted by the experience at ABO. Undoubtedly, each will marvel at the delicate beauty of a warbler, each will delight in the spunk of a just-released chickadee that pauses to scold the banders before seeking cover. Each will better understand science and its role in public policy after listening to ABO staff explain bird conservation issues and how ABOs research is contributing. Each will feel better for having contributed to that science themselves. Each will likely give more thought to the impact of their votes and lifestyles upon natural resources in general and birds in particular. Working at ABO reinforces existing values or creates new ones within these people. And they will take these values with them wherever they go, "far and wide." Last year, 91 people volunteered at the banding station at Creamers Field; eleven others worked with ABO on internships. To use Stuarts analogy, ABO dropped 102 pebbles into the pond last year. Completely aside from the many accomplishments in the research and education programs, that means 2000 was a pretty good year.
ABO welcomes and encourages gifts of stock and cash as they help provide critical support for our programs.
To make a gift, please call Nancy at (907) 451-7059 for more information. |
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For many years, ABO has operated out of one side of the quaint but microscopic attic of the Visitor Center at Creamers Refuge in Fairbanks. The Alaska Department of Fish & Game (ADFG) has generously provided our 10´x18´ office to us at no cost for a number of years, but we can no longer operate efficiently in this tiny space. It is physically impossible for us to fit any more workstations in it for our growing staff, the numerous distractions decrease our productivity, and we have run out of storage space for virtually everything. The copier is crammed next to the toilet in the bathroom, giving us many opportunities for multi-tasking, but presenting a variety of problems. Clearly, its time to move on. Last year, ABOs board began researching facility options. We have been presented with a unique opportunity for a new building that borders Creamers Refuge and will allow several of our programs to partner with the tourist industry. We are in the early planning stages for designing a facility to be built at Wedgewood Resort in partnership with Fountainhead Development. This will be a massive endeavor for our organization, and we will be counting on our members to help us make this important transition during our 10th anniversary year. Well keep you updated as the project progresses. We plan to maintain an office in the Creamers Visitor Center and will continue to base our banding operation and several education programs from here. We are grateful to ADFG for their contribution of office space over the years and look forward to building a new partnership with Wedgewood Resort. |
Volunteer Profile - Luke DeCiccoLuke DeCicco is the first junior volunteer named ABOs 2000 volunteer of the year for contributing 184.5 hours to our Creamers Field Migration Station in 2000. Lukes contributions to ABO dont stop at the banding station; during 2000 he raised $689 for our annual birdathon fundraiser, and conducted analyses on swallow nestling data he collected. Lukes interest in ABO stemmed from attending bird camp and visiting the bird-banding station with home-school groups. He says that volunteering at ABO is fun and that he loves the experience. Lukes home-schooling education is interest-led and his parents have let him focus his science curriculum around birds and ecological studies at ABO. Lukes appreciation of animals extends far beyond birds; he breeds aquarium fish and has a pet python, a gecko, and a dog. Birds and amphibians are also the main subject of Lukes art he is quite talented with pencils and pen & ink. In his spare time, Luke dances with the North Star Ballet a passion he has enjoyed since he was 7 years old. Lukes work at ABO has been rewarding for everyone; his many mentors thoroughly enjoy his bright smile, good humor, and enthusiasm for birds. Luke, on the other hand, has furthered his appreciation for birds and science through volunteering at ABO. Board and Staff News and NotesABO would like to welcome Kathy Ross to our board of directors. Kathy is a novice birder and the lead Human Resources Consultant for Williams Alaska Petroleum, Inc. in North Pole. Kathy first came into contact with ABO when she attended one of our bird walks; since joining the board in November 2000, she has helped us review our employee handbook and conducted an interviewing training workshop for our staff. We are thrilled to have her on board. Welcome, Kathy!
Attention TeachersOnce again the Alaska Bird Observatory and the Alaska Department of Fish & Game will offer our popular science education programs for school groups during May. More information about these programs will be sent to Fairbanks-area schools in early April. Groups visiting ABO are required to pay either $35 per banding presentation or $2 per person to help cover materials and administrative costs. Some scholarship assistance is available for those classes not able to pay all or part of the fee. If your are interested in bringing a group to the banding station, you must call our office at 451-7059 or e-mail us at aswingley@alaskabird.org beginning April 16. Requests will be accepted until 4:00 PM on April 19. On April 20 we will notify you with confirmed dates and the number of slots available to your school. Those classes not accommodated will be placed on a waiting list. If you miss our call-in deadline, please call us anyway and you will be placed on the waiting list.
We are also starting to round up donations for our new facility (see page 3), such as:
Give our office a call at 451-7059 if you can help. Thank you! Birdathon Time Frame Expanded Counters are asked to register by contacting our office by phone or e-mail, or by mailing in the registration form on page 9. Well send you a birdathon packet, complete with a pledge form, bird checklist, and tips on how to ask for pledges. Results must be reported to our office by June 25. To be eligible for the Alaska Airlines drawing, pledges must be turned in on or before July 25, the day of our potluck and "tally rally." Special thanks to our 2001 Birdathon sponsors, Alaska Airlines and Steve Neumuth Advertising, and to everyone who plans to participate! Hawks Nest Raffle Many Thanks
Other thanks
Help Wanted: ABO still has several technician and intern positions open for the summer. Please see out web site for more information and contact our office immediately if you are interested. The application deadline has been extended through April 15 or until the positions have been filled. |
| You can get the printed version of The Arctic Warbler, which gives you more information and photos, by joining ABO. It's easy to do. Visit the Join ABO page to see how to join. | |
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